Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2004 Apr, Vol.1, No.2, pp.95-104.
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Their Manifold Roles in Homeostasis and Disease

Yingying Le^{1, 2}, Ye Zhou¹, Pablo Iribarren¹ and Ji Ming Wang^{1, 2}

¹Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
²Corresponding to: Dr. Yingying Le and Ji Ming Wang, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Tel: 301-846-6979, Fax: 301-846-7042, E-mail: wangji@ncifcrf.gov and ley@ncifcrf.gov.

Chemokines are a superfamily of small proteins that bind to G protein-coupled receptors on target cells and were originally discovered as mediators of directional migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation and injury. In recent years, it has become clear that the function of chemokines extends well beyond the role in leukocyte chemotaxis. They participate in organ development, angiogenesis/angiostasis, leukocyte trafficking and homing, tumorigenesis and metastasis, as well as in immune responses to microbial infection. Therefore, chemokines and their receptors are important targets for modulation of host responses in pathophysiological conditions and for therapeutic intervention of human diseases.

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