Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2004 Apr, Vol.1, No.2, pp.119-122.
Immunological Responses against SARS-Coronavirus Infection in Humans

Xiaojun Xu¹ and Xiao-Ming Gao^{1, 2}

¹Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
²Corresponding to: Dr. Xiao-Ming Gao, Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail: xmgao@bjmu.edu.cn.

Since the outbreak of a SARS epidemic last year, significant advances have been made on our understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between the SARS coronavirus (CoV) and the immune system. Strong humoral responses have been found in most patients following SARS-CoV infection, with high titers of neutralizing Abs present in their convalescent sera. The nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV appear to be the dominant antigens recognized by serum Abs. CD4+ T cell responses against the N protein have been observed in SARS patients and an HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope in the S protein has been identified. It is likely that the immune responses induced by SARS-CoV infection could also cause pathological damage to the host, especially in the case of proinflammatory cytokines. There is also evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV might be able to directly invade cells of the immune system. Our understanding on the interaction between SARS-CoV, the immune system and local tissues is essential to future diagnosis, control and treatment of this very contagious disease.

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